With more than 160 million laptop PC´s sold in 2017, and the numbers growing. It seems likely that at least some hundred critical failures can be expected every year.
Added to this, Cellphones add more than 1350 million batteries per year.
All this adds up to an approximate 300-3000 critical failures (per year, worldwide), not counting ones related to external abuse, overcharging, cable fault, short circuiting, or other accidents. For many of these fires, the owners of the laptops, phones or power banks are aware of the danger in the situation and can act accordingly. In several cases, phones have been placed in steel sinks, dropped on floors or on pavements.
In close confines however, or when there is no immediate option for disposing of a phone or a battery pack.
The examined method of cooling batteries in thermal runaway via Brine fluid submersion seem to show a very sharp cooldown curve for the tested battery pack samples. Any ongoing thermal runaway should be halted and spread of the runaway effect to adjacent batteries avoided.
Depending on the size of the battery, the threshold for thermal runaway is passed in a time between 38 seconds for the smallest powerpack and 73 seconds for the largest one. After this time, any ongoing thermal processes in cells which have already experienced runaway may continue a controlled burn until they burn through their fuel, but adjacent healthy cells should not be affected, and would therefore not contribute either fuel or thermal energy to the process. In all the tested cases, the settling temperature is below 0°C, meaning that the margin for error is large.
In the material, ongoing thermal processes have not been accounted for. A full, simultaneous burnout has instead been assumed.
Thermal runaway is a chain reaction within a battery cell that can be very difficult to stop once it has started. It occurs when the temperature inside a battery reaches the point that causes a chemical reaction to occur inside the battery.
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